What is a TIFFA scan?
The TIFFA scan (Targeted Imaging for Fetal Anomalies), also known as the Anatomy or Level II ultrasound, is performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. It provides a detailed evaluation of fetal anatomy to detect structural abnormalities and assess fetal growth.
Why is it done?
- To screen for congenital anomalies of the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, abdomen, limbs, and face
- To assess fetal growth parameters and amniotic fluid volume
- To examine placental position and umbilical cord insertion
- To evaluate cervix length if there is risk of preterm labor
When should I get it?
The recommended time for a TIFFA scan is between 18 weeks and 22 weeks + 6 days of gestation. Performing it within this window maximizes detection of fetal anomalies while still allowing options.
How is the scan performed?
- You will lie on an examination table with your abdomen exposed
- A gel is applied to the lower abdomen and a transducer is moved systematically to visualize all fetal structures
- The sonographer measures key parameters (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length) and examines each organ system according to a standardized protocol
What does it show?
- Brain: ventricles, midline structures, cerebellum, spine
- Face: profile view, orbits, upper lip
- Heart: four-chamber view, outflow tracts, cardiac rhythm
- Lungs and diaphragm
- Abdomen: stomach bubble, kidneys, bladder, abdominal wall integrity
- Limbs: bones and joints
- Umbilical cord insertion and amniotic fluid index
Benefits and Limitations
Benefits:
- Non-invasive and safe with no radiation
- Comprehensive anatomical survey detecting 60–80% of major anomalies
Limitations:
- Image quality may be affected by maternal obesity, fetal position, or low amniotic fluid
- Some anomalies may not be apparent until later in pregnancy
- Operator-dependent; requires experienced sonographer
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Do I need any preparation?
No special preparation is needed; you may be asked to drink water to fill your bladder
Is the scan safe?
Yes. It uses ultrasound waves and poses no risk to mother or baby
How long does it take?
Approximately 30–45 minutes
Will I get a report immediately?
The sonographer will discuss major findings immediately; a full report will follow
What if an abnormality is detected?
You will be referred to a maternal-fetal medicine specialist for further evaluation